柯 林 斯 词典对英语句子的定义是这样的:A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.具体说来,英语的句子可以这样来定义:一个句子就是一组词,在书面语中,每一个句子首词的第一个字母大写,句末用句号、问号或者感叹号;大多数句子有主语和谓语。根据英语句子的定义,我们可以清楚的知道,英语的句子中,大多数句子都有主语和谓语。那么汉英翻译,只要我们能把汉语转变成为准确通顺的英语,就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。而英语本身语 法 非 常 严 谨,逻辑非常 严 密的特点,所以,在汉英翻译中,主语的确定就是成功构建英语句式结构的关键,也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等的关键。
Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavour and my wings clipped.
Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all.
To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard world peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.
The speed of reform of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated (stepped up) to ensure sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy.?
We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual, privately owned etc., to fulfill it's significant effect on accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market.
例14、然而,要想了解一个人的禀 赋 资 质 和实际能力如何,考试是考不出名堂来的。
But they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person.?
例15、凡事应该适度,适度是 最 安 全 的。
One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way.
It's difficult to advance an absolute criterion, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of one's existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.
说明:在这个例子中,我们可以非常清楚的看到,汉语原文有非常显著的用英语代词it充当形式主语来翻译的特征:那就是,如果汉语句型通常呈现出“…是很苦难/很重要/有用/有意义的”等结构,或者是“据说(It is said…),有人认为(It is taken that…)”等结构。